Assessing impacts of COVID-19 and their responses among smallholder farmers in Brazil, Madagascar and Tanzania.

This study investigates the impacts of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on smallholder farmers and their coping strategies in three contrasting Low- and Middle-Income Countries. The case studies include Brazil (South region), Madagascar (Atsimo Atsinanana region), and Tanzania (Morogoro/Eastern Tanzania). These countries were chosen because i) the economies are strongly influenced by the agricultural sector; ii) their national food security is strongly affected by smallholder production, and, iii) they represent a set of contrasting government responses to COVID-19 including the denial of the pandemic. Data were collected through semi-structured household interviews in all three countries in rural areas. COVID-19 induced effects were found in all three countries, including in Brazil and Tanzania where both national governments initially neglected the existence of COVID-19 and introduced few containment measures only. Here, mobility and trade restrictions of other countries impact also on agricultural trade and production in countries in which governments took less action to COVID-19 and also people remained home and practiced social distancing even if no official government policy was issued. The findings in all three countries suggest that the COVID-19 crisis had negatively affected smallholders' agricultural production, leading to a vicious cycle of low production, low incomes, and higher food insecurity. Results of this study raise the thorny issue of how best to balance containment of pandemic and future shocks against the well-being of the vulnerable rural population in lower- and middle-income countries; especially considering also the degree of global interconnected and the potential of polices to effect people beyond the national scale.

Food Insecurity and Malnutrition in Rural Tanzania: Mapping Perceptions for Social Learning.

In Tanzania, a high level of hunger persists. Several factors compound a complex scenario of food insecurity. Contextual aspects at the community level can influence the maintenance of the vulnerable local conditions. This article aims to better understand these aspects by investigating community problem perceptions in n = 04 remote rural villages in Tanzania. Furthermore, how to include community perceptions as a pedagogical element of food security projects is discussed. The methodology consists of three steps: preparatory exploration; household survey (n = 663); and pedagogical workshops (n = 270). The main results indicate that inhabitants of the four villages identify and describe their problems differently. We discovered food insecurity's hidden factors. Community problem perceptions and local knowledge play fundamental roles in critical food security, despite the environmental conditions' effect (lack of infrastructure, water scarcity). The pedagogical process of Codification and Decoding of hunger situations can generate more effective educational programs for social learning.

Projeto do futuro e identidade: um estudo com estudantes formandos / Project of future and identity: a study with senior college students

Este artigo apresenta revisão teórica e estudo exploratório buscando compreender como os jovens universitários se relacionam com o futuro a partir da elaboração de seu projeto da vida e escolha profissional; estudando a relação deste processo com a construção da identidade. Especificamente o recorte deste estudo inclui os estudantes ao final do curso de graduação haja vista a relevância atribuída ao nível superior como uma possível trajetória de vida para a sociedade em geral. Na pesquisa teórica sistemática sobre o tema evidenciaram-se diferentes abordagens sobre o conceito de identidade e escassez de estudos sobre projeto de futuro na produção nacional. No estudo exploratório foram realizadas redações com o tema “Eu e meu futuro” com os estudantes a fim verificar quais aspectos eram relevantes para o entendimento de seu projeto de futuro. A análise inicial dos resultados aponta alguns eixos temáticos como: estabilidade financeira, realização profissional, família e temporalidade (curto e longo prazo).

This article presents theoretical revision and exploratory study that aim at to contribute about the agreement of how college students relates with the future from the elaboration of its project of life and professional choice; studying the relation of this process with the construction of the identity. Specifically the clipping of this study encloses senior college students, have seen the relevance attributed to higher education as possible form of trajectory of life for the society in general. From the systematic theoretical research on the subject, have been detected contradictory conceptions about identity and a scarcity of studies on the notion of project of future in the national production. In the exploratory study, writings with the subject had been carried through “My future and I” with the students in question in order to verify which aspects the research could be excellent for the agreement to which if it considers, their project of future. The first analyses of the gotten results point some thematic axles as financial stability, professional accomplishment, family and temporality (short and long stated period).

Projeto do futuro e identidade: um estudo com estudantes formandos / Project of future and identity: a study with senior college students

Este artigo apresenta revisão teórica e estudo exploratório buscando compreender como os jovens universitários se relacionam com o futuro a partir da elaboração de seu projeto da vida e escolha profissional; estudando a relação deste processo com a construção da identidade. Especificamente o recorte deste estudo inclui os estudantes ao final do curso de graduação haja vista a relevância atribuída ao nível superior como uma possível trajetória de vida para a sociedade em geral. Na pesquisa teórica sistemática sobre o tema evidenciaram-se diferentes abordagens sobre o conceito de identidade e escassez de estudos sobre projeto de futuro na produção nacional. No estudo exploratório foram realizadas redações com o tema “Eu e meu futuro” com os estudantes a fim verificar quais aspectos eram relevantes para o entendimento de seu projeto de futuro. A análise inicial dos resultados aponta alguns eixos temáticos como: estabilidade financeira, realização profissional, família e temporalidade (curto e longo prazo).Palavras-chave: projeto de futuro, escolha profissional, identidade, formandos.(AU)

This article presents theoretical revision and exploratory study that aim at to contribute about the agreement of how college students relates with the future from the elaboration of its project of life and professional choice; studying the relation of this process with the construction of the identity. Specifically the clipping of this study encloses senior college students, have seen the relevance attributed to higher education as possible form of trajectory of life for the society in general. From the systematic theoretical research on the subject, have been detected contradictory conceptions about identity and a scarcity of studies on the notion of project of future in the national production. In the exploratory study, writings with the subject had been carried through “My future and I” with the students in question in order to verify which aspects the research could be excellent for the agreement to which if it considers, their project of future. The first analyses of the gotten results point some thematic axles as financial stability, professional accomplishment, family and temporality (short and long stated period).(AU)